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Push Notifications at Scale: From 100 to 10 Million Users

12 min readSep 11, 2025

Push notifications seem simple at first glance:
“Just send a message to someone’s phone.”

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Photo by Jamie Street on Unsplash

But once you move from a few hundred users to millions, things get tricky. Really tricky. It’s like trying to shout across a small room vs. trying to make yourself heard in a packed football stadium.

Let’s break down the challenges, the architecture, and how to build a system that can handle millions of personalized notifications — without blowing up your backend.

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🧩 1. The Problem

Imagine you’re building a health & wellness app.

  • Sarah needs a “Take your Paracetamol 💊 at 8 AM” reminder.
  • Raj needs an “Insulin shot 💉” ping.
  • Emily wants a “Workout warm-up 🏋️‍♀️” nudge.

At 8 AM sharp, millions of notifications need to go out.

What could go wrong?

  • Scalability issues: Looping over millions of device tokens = 🔥 backend meltdown.
  • Delivery problems: What if Sarah’s phone is offline? Or Raj’s app is force-closed?

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Karishma Agrawal
Karishma Agrawal

Written by Karishma Agrawal

Android Developer @Eventbrite | Wanted to be a writer so I write code now | Reader

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